Telephone-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Chronic Pain

Inclusion Criteria: Potential subjects must be: * veterans enrolled in a VA primary care clinic * at least 55 years of age * have access to a telephone * have documented pain for at least the past year * a pain disorder involving muscle strain and inflammation, trauma to nerves, or central nervous system dysfunction * Their pain condition must be stable and participants must have no clear indication for specific medical/surgical intervention. Exclusion Criteria: Patients were excluded who were: * psychotic * cognitively impaired * show significant suicidal risk (history of multiple suicide attempts or actively suicidal) * currently abusing alcohol or other drugs, including prescribed opioid pain medications * voice impairment that would prevent participation in telephone counseling * visual impairment that would prevent use of the workbook and completion of assessment materials. * Patients will also be excluded who have an unstable medical condition and clear indication for specific medical/surgical intervention in the near future.