Study Of Disc Anaesthesia For The Preoperative Diagnosis Of Chronic Lower Back Pain

Inclusion Criteria: * Age \> 21. * Chronic axial low back pain without radicular pain for \> six months, not responding to at least three months of non-surgical management under the direction of a physician. * One or two discs at L5/S1, L4/L5 or L3/L4 with abnormal findings by MRI, including any of the following: loss of disc hydration, loss of disc height, high intensity zone (HIZ), Modic changes at adjacent vertebral endplates, or herniation without nerve root compression. * Subject states that he/she is willing to undergo lumbar spinal fusion, disc replacement, or other definitive treatment if eventual diagnosis supports such treatment. * Physician believes that discography is clinically indicated for the purpose of surgical decision-making for the subject. * Pre-treatment low back pain by numerical rating scale (NRS) score \> 4 (measured as average in last 24 hours on a 0-10 scale). * Pre-treatment Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) \> 40 (0 - 100 scale). * Subject states availability for all study visits. * Subject is able to understand the risks and benefits of participating in the study and provides written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Known osteoporosis or osteopenia, metabolic bone disorder, or history of chronic steroid use (the equivalent of 7.5 milligrams of daily prednisone use for \> 6 months). * Suspected painful disc degeneration (based on clinical examination and MRI findings) outside of L5/S1, L4/L5 or L3/L4 levels. * MRI shows disc abnormalities (listed in Inclusion Criteria #3) at all 3 lower lumbar discs (L3/L4, L4/L5 and L5/S1). * Abnormal neurologic exam attributable to lumbar disc disease, herniation, or lumbar stenosis. * Back, buttock or pelvic pain suspected to be due to spinal stenosis, spinal fractures, infection, cancer, facet arthropathy or other hip or pelvis pathology. * Schmorl's node or endplate disruption evident on MRI at L5/S1, L4/L5, or L3/L4. * Medical history, physical examination or radiographic evidence (e.g., disc height too narrow) to suggest that either PD or F.A.D. may not be technically feasible. * Any previous lumbar spine fusion or disc replacement. * More than grade 1 spondylolisthesis as assessed by x-ray or MRI. * Significant clinical comorbidity that may potentially interfere with data collection or follow-up (e.g., dementia, severe comorbid illness). * History of major depression, psychosis or somatization disorder, or panic disorder. * Allergy to any materials used in PD or F.A.D. devices, con…