Effectiveness of Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) to Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress and Low Back Pain

Inclusion Criteria: * Pain located between the 12th rib and buttocks that in the opinion of the screening examiner is originating from the lumbar region * Current episode of back pain duration of 3 months or longer * Active duty military or Veteran * Read and speak English well enough to provide informed consent and follow study instructions Exclusion Criteria: * History of prior surgery to the lumbosacral spine within the previous 12 months * Presence of neurogenic LBP defined by a positive contralateral straight leg raise (reproduction of symptoms below 45 degrees) or reflex, sensation, or strength deficits in a pattern consistent with nerve root compression * Medical "red flags" of a potentially serious condition including cauda equina syndrome, major or rapidly progressing neurological deficit, fracture, cancer, infection, or systemic disease * Discharged from physical therapy within the past 3 months for lower back pain * Current diagnosis of psychotic conditions or medications (bi-polar, schizophrenia, personality disorder). * Substance abuse or psychosis within 6 months of research. * Unable to discontinue other active therapies until completion of clinical trial follow-up (8 weeks). * Suicidal ideation * Current pregnancy