Multidisciplinary Digital Therapeutics of Chronic Lower Back Pain Versus Usual Care

Inclusion Criteria: * Male or female ≥ 19 and \<65 years of age * Patients who have a history of lower back pain persisting for longer than 12 weeks * Patients who have average back pain score of 3 or more on the numeric rating scale (NRS) * Patients who can use application-based therapy with his/her smartphone * Patients who signed a written informed consent form * Patients who are able to comply with the plan, as determined by the study investigator. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients who have previous history of spinal surgery * Patients who have previous history of spinal trauma within 3 months * Patients with lower extremity radicular pain with sensory and motor dysfunction * Patients with lower extremity muscle strength of 3 or less on a manual muscle test * Patients with spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis * Patients with other structural abnormalities of the spine, including scoliosis (Cobb's angle \> 10 degrees) or kyphosis (lordotic angle \< 0 degrees) * Patients with red flag signs (paralyzing symptoms such as fecal impairment, sudden unexplained weight loss) * Patients with tumors, infections, metabolic bone disease, cognitive impairment, fibromyalgia, and systemic inflammatory diseases * Patients with other systemic disease conditions that limit exercise therapy, as determined by the study investigator * Patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding * Patients with known substance/alcohol use disorders * Patients who are not able to participate in an exercise or strengthening program * Patients taking opioid analgesic medications with a potency greater than or equal to tramadol for other conditions or low back pain