Chronic Post Surgical Pain-Cardiac

Inclusion Criteria: * patients will be undergoing a first-time cardiac surgery involving a median sternotomy, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and all open-heart procedures, such as valvular repairs/replacement. * patients between the ages of 18-80 years * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status score of II-III * patients will also sign the written informed consent form Exclusion Criteria: * patients scheduled for minimally invasive cardiac surgery, * patients with BMI\>40, * patients who undergone thoracotomy, * patients with alcohol and drug addiction, * patients with severe dysfunction in a significant organ (e.g., presence of severe hepatic and renal disease), * patients who undergone emergency and redo surgeries, * patients who cannot be extubated within the first 8 hours postoperatively, * patients have a severe psychiatric diseases such as psychosis or dementia that restrict cooperation with the patient (patients who cannot evaluate verbal numerical pain scales), * patients who are pregnant and breastfeeding, * patients who cannot be reached by phone during the postoperative follow-up periods * patients who cannot communicate in the native language.