Relationship of Dynamic Knee Valgus With Foot Posture, Pain, and Balance in Chronic Ankle Instability.

Inclusion Criteria: * A history of at least 1 significant ankle sprain. * The initial sprain must have occurred at least 12 months prior to study enrollment. * The most recent injury must have occurred more than 3 months prior. * Additionally, a sprain that was associated with inflammatory symptoms (pain, swelling, etc.), Created at least 1 interrupted day of desired physical activity. * A history of the previously injured ankle joint as "giving way" and/or recurrent sprain and/or "feelings of instability." And the self-reported outcome measure foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM): ADL scale \<90%. Exclusion Criteria: * History of previous surgeries or fractures to the musculoskeletal structures (i.e., bones, joint structures, nerves) in either limb. * No acute injury to musculoskeletal structures of other joints of the lower extremity in the previous 3 months, which impacted joint integrity and function (i.e., sprains, fractures) resulting in at least 1 interrupted day of desired physical activity. * Participants were screened to exclude scoliosis using the Adam's Forward Bend Test (AFBT).