Validation of the Turkish Brief Inventory of Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain
Not yet recruitingNCT07673874
View the official record on ClinicalTrials.gov Recruiting status changes often. Contact the study team listed on ClinicalTrials.gov, and talk to your doctor before joining a study.
This study has no listed site in Canada in this snapshot. It is included as part of the worldwide chronic pain corpus.
Brief summary (from the registry)
The purpose of this study is to conduct the Turkish cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability study of the "Brief Inventory of Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain" (BITEC) scale. Chronic pain is a complex, multidimensional experience that affects a significant portion of the adult population. Treatment expectations play a critical role in predicting clinical outcomes and directly influencing placebo/nocebo responses. While several tools exist to evaluate expectations, there is a lack of a concise, clinician-friendly, and Item Response Theory (IRT)-based instrument adapted for Turkish chronic pain populations. The BITEC is a 9-item scale that evaluates biological, psychological, and social/interactional expectation domains. This methodological and cross-sectional study will be conducted with adult patients diagnosed with chronic pain for at least three months at Bingöl State Hospital. The study will be carried out in four consecutive stages: cross-cultural adaptation (forward and backward translation), comprehensibility pre-testing (with 30-40 volunteers), main data collection (with at least 200 participants), and statistical analyses. Data will be collected through printed forms and an online survey platform (Kobotoolbox), involving no clinical interventions. Participants will complete a sociodemographic information form, the Turkish version of the BITEC (BITEC-TR), the Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain Scale (TEC-TR), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Additionally, a subgroup of approximately 60 participants will recomplete the BITEC-TR 7-10 days after the initial session to evaluate test-retest reliability. Psychometric evaluation will include construct validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and internal consistency and stability measurements.
Study details
- Official title
- Turkish Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the "Brief Inventory of Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain" (BITEC) Scale
- Conditions
- Interventions
- Other: Survey Assessment Battery
- Sponsor
- Hacettepe University
- Start date
- 2026-09-01
- Primary completion
- 2027-05-31
- Sex
- All
- Age range
- from 18 Years to 70 Years
- Results posted
- No results posted in this snapshot
- Countries
- Turkey (Türkiye)
- Total sites listed
- 2
Eligibility criteria
Show eligibility criteria (verbatim from the registry)
Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 18-70 years * Having chronic pain for at least 3 months according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) criteria * Diagnosed with any chronic pain condition (e.g., fibromyalgia, nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, etc.) * Being literate * Currently receiving any medical treatment Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of cancer-related pain * Diagnosis of acute pain * Being unable to fill out the questionnaire due to a diagnosed cognitive impairment or psychiatric illness * Presence of visual or motor disabilities that prevent completing the questionnaire
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov (US National Library of Medicine), snapshot October 2026. Check the registry for current recruiting status. Record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07673874